Translators and translation theorists are divided into three groups: a. text-oriented, b. author-oriented, and c. reader-oriented. Taking the text as pivotal, the first group seeks to present the lexical meaning of the words and sentences to the readers. The second group seeks to understand the message and the intention of the author and to transfer it to the readers. The third group takes the readers as criterion and translates the text to their demand. Translators of the Qur'an mainly appear to be text-oriented. They more often look for equivalents and display their strong loyalty to the text by literal translation. The latter itself is divided into two groups: one group cast the equivalents in the mold of the source language and the other cast the words of the source language in the grammatical mold of the target language, not being concerned about the transformation of the source language. There are also some author-oriented translators among the text-oriented. For example, Abū Bakr ‘Atīq al-Nayshābūri seems to be author-oriented in translation of some verses. The author-oriented translators refer to God's intention sometimes in parentheses and at other times in brackets, etc. Some of the translators of the Qur'an enjoy their own beliefs in the translation of the verses; however, they do not follow a constant procedure in translation. Sometimes, they translate some verses in such a way that seems to fit their own beliefs; and sometimes they do not enjoy their own beliefs and translate literally the verses that are inconsistent with their beliefs.
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