This article deals with the association between rights and politics from the viewpoint of the Holy Qur’an. The introduction to this issue consists of pointing out the association between all social sciences and their organic relation to each other. The first section of the article includes responding to such misconceptions and suppositions as the out-religious viewpoint of legal and political concepts in their modern application; duality of the vocabulary of religion and rights and the development of the concept of right from its ethical meaning which it used to have in the ancient world, i.e., to be righteous, and its modern meaning – that is, to be rightful – which does not withstand the in-religious viewpoint. In another section, the common foundation of rights and politics and their common sources are reviewed and compared. In the common foundation of rights and politics, the distinction or the natural unity of human beings in creation and the issue of their benevolence or evildoing is examined from the viewpoint of such political philosophers as Plato, Aristotle, Montesquieu, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacque Rousseau, and Bertrand Russell. In their common sources, the consistencies and the inconsistencies of the viewpoints of political philosophy with those of the Qur’an are studied; in the philosophy of politics and the philosophy of law the superior ruling will and the common will of the governments is the main source, whereas in a Divine-political legal system, the will of God is the main source that is manifested in revealed Laws (i.e., the Scripture) and the sayings of the leaders who are the recipient, the interpreters, and the executors of those laws, i.e., the Qur’an and the Sunna. Sub-sources, like the intellect and the common sense, are also taken into consideration along with these two. In the end of this writing, the common domain of law and politics are touched upon.
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