in this article viewpoints of western thinkers on the following issues are presented: 1. definition of the holy scripture, 2. the origin of the holy scripture, including its being revealed or being dynamically or mechanically revealed, 3. writers of the holy scripture, including the writers of the old testament, the new testament and the bibles of mathew, mark, luke, and john, 4. incongruities of the holy scripture, such as incongruity of the old with the new testament or verses of each one with one another, or the incongruity, of their verses with science or beliefs and opinions, 5. similar or syncretic bibles, including similarities or congruities of bibles with each other and the provided solutions in this regard such as reference to oral and written sources, 6. distortion of the holy texture, including presentation of some examples in this regard.
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